Children and Family Services

Métis family life has always been grounded in a holistic foundation of values, beliefs, and
cultural practices. Traditionally, children were raised not only by their parents but also by an
extended family network that played an active role in caregiving. Grandparents and other
relatives often stepped in to provide direct support, and when needed, custom adoption ensured
that children remained connected to their family and culture. This system reflected the Métis
way of nurturing children within circles of care, love, and responsibility, ensuring they grew up
with strong cultural and community ties.

In the late 19th and throughout the 20th century, federal and provincial governments dismissed
Indigenous parenting practices as inadequate or “uncivilized.” This harmful perspective led to
the creation of residential schools and the expansion of state-run child welfare systems. The
impact of these policies was devastating and these interventions not only disrupted family
systems but also directly contributed to the ongoing over-representation of Indigenous children
and youth in care across Canada.

Despite systemic interference, Métis people consistently resisted the governments child welfare
policies. Métis-led child welfare organizations were created to challenge mainstream systems,
prevent unnecessary removal of children, and protect the culture, identity, and heritage of Métis
children and youth. These organizations continue to advocate for culturally grounded solutions
that keep Métis children connected to their families, communities, and nation.
Decades of Indigenous advocacy, supported by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s
Calls to Action, Human Rights Tribunal rulings, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of
Indigenous Peoples, and scholarly research, have pushed governments to reform child welfare
practices.

In collaboration with Indigenous leaders, Elders, communities, and experts, the federal
government enacted An Act Respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children, Youth and
Families (Bill C-92), which came into effect on January 1, 2020. This legislation affirms the
inherent rights of Indigenous peoples to design and implement their own child and family service
systems, rooted in culture and self-determination.

The Métis National Council and its Governing Members continue to lead efforts to ensure Bill C-
92’s promise becomes reality. This includes advancing policy, programs, and governance
structures that reflect Métis values and respond directly to the needs of Métis families, ensuring
Métis children and youth grow up safe, healthy, and connected to their communities and culture.